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This is a collection of original studies on the international health and welfare organizations between the First and the Second World Wars. The diversity of such organizations and their many-sided activities make this a rich and complex area of historical investigation that has direct relevance to current issues in international health. Multilateral organizations such as the League of Nations and a variety of types of non-governmental organizations are discussed. The role of scientific and professional factors, as well as the priorities of women's employment, eugenics and pronatalism are also considered.

• Sales Rank: #3891191 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
• Published on: 1995-07-28
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x .94" w x 5.98" l, 1.40 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 356 pages

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• Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"This book represents an innovation in the history of medicine....The importance of a first collection of this kind is that it sets up the field for those who follow after....the essays themselves are packed with names all documented....As collections go, this one is unusually homogenous, clearly the result of active and thoughful editing....The literature on this new field is just beginning to build up, and this is a book that all scholars working in it are going to need." PAuline M. H. Mazumadar, International History Review

From the Back Cover
This is a collection of original studies on the new international health and welfare organisations between the First and the Second World Wars. The diversity of such organisations and their many-sided activities make this a rich and complex area of historical investigation which has direct relevance to current issues in international health. Multilateral organisations such as the League of Nations and a variety of types of non-governmental organisations are discussed. The role of scientific and professional factors, as well as the priorities of women's employment, eugenics and pronatalism are also considered. Together, the various chapters present a cohesive and integrated view of a hitherto neglected area of study. The book also complements comparative studies of welfare states by emphasising the importance of international interactions between expert groups in a broader political and social context.

About the Author
Paul Weindling is Professor in the History of Medicine in the Department of History, Oxford Brookes University, UK.

Charles Rosenberg is a practicing attorney and the bestselling author of the novel Death of a High Floor and the non-fiction book The Trial of O.J.: How to Watch the Trial and Understand What s Really Going On, which he wrote just before covering the trial as one of two on-air legal analysts for E! Entertainment Television. In addition to his books, he has consulted on numerous primetime television shows including L.A. Law, Boston Legal, and The Practice. A graduate of Antioch College and the Harvard Law School, he has taught extensively as an adjunct professor of law both at universities throughout California and abroad. He lives with his wife in Los Angeles.

Colin Jones, Professor of History at Warwick University, is author most recently of "France" (1999) and coauthor of "The Medical World of Early Modern France" (with Laurence Brockliss, 1997). Dror Wahrman is Associate Professor of History at Indiana University, Associate Editor of the "American Historical Review, " and author of "Imagining the Middle Class" (1995) and the forthcoming "Cultural History of the Modern Self."

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^ Ebook Tropical Alpine Environments: Plant Form and FunctionFrom Brand: Cambridge University Press

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• Sales Rank: #7488719 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
• Published on: 1994-11-25
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x .87" w x 5.98" l, 1.59 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 392 pages

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This book presents a detailed and mostly elementary exposition of the generalized Riemann-Stieltjes integrals discovered by Henstock, Kurzweil, and McShane. Along with the classical results, it contains some recent developments connected with lipeomorphic change of variables and the divergence theorem for discontinuously differentiable vector fields.

• Sales Rank: #1740280 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
• Published on: 1994-02-25
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x .87" w x 5.98" l, 1.42 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 324 pages

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"The author presents a detailed exposition of some recent (Riemann!) approaches to generalized integrals of real-valued functions on compact intervals in Euclidean spaces Rm (m>=1)...The author presents this theory in a very complete, thorough manner." R.G. Bartle, Mathematical Reviews

About the Author
fm.author_biographical_note1

Bela Bollobas has taught at Cambridge University's Department of Pure Maths and Mathematical Statistics for over 25 years and has been a fellow of Trinity College for 30 years. Since 1996, he has held the unique Chair of Excellence in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Memphis. Bollobas has previously written over 250 research papers in extremal and probabilistic combinatorics, functional analysis, probability theory, isoperimetric inequalities and polynomials of graphs.

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The Great Wall of China is renowned as one of the most impressive and intriguing man-made structures on earth. It is also the subject of an awesome mythology, embedded in both learned and popular imaginations, which has grown up and now obscured the historical record. Even the maps which chart the Wall's position offer erroneous accounts of a phenomenon which has never been accurately surveyed. Arthur Waldron reveals that the notion of an ancient and continuously existing Great Wall, one of modern China's national symbols and a legend in the eyes of the West, is in fact a myth. His fascinating account reveals the strategic and political context for the decision to build walls as fortified defences, and explores its profound implications for nomadic and agricultural life under the Ming dynasty. Taking up the insights offered into more recent Chinese politics, the book concludes with a searching investigation of the Wall's new meanings in the myths - departing from that history - fostered in our own century.

• Sales Rank: #448583 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
• Published on: 1992-01-31
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.50" h x .71" w x 5.43" l, .92 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 316 pages

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From Publishers Weekly
China's modern rulers have nurtured the popular myth that the Great Wall of China is a single, continuous barrier built in the third century B.C. and surviving to the present. Actually, as Princeton historian Waldron demonstrates in a landmark study, most of what we today call the Great Wall was built during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Despotic, palace-reared Ming rulers, fearful of a potential invasion by Mongols and other nomads, chose wall-building over trade or diplomatic relations. But the Ming fortifications, like the French Maginot Line, proved ineffective: Manchu warriors entered China in 1644, captured Peking and established the Ch'ing dynasty, a vast multiethnic empire which lasted until 1912. The Great Wall became a symbol of failure and irrelevance. Its recent transformation into China's unofficial national symbol is an enigma deftly unraveled in Waldron's investigation, one of the few books that change our basic assumptions about China. Illustrations. History Book Club selection.
Copyright 1990 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal
The Great Wall is a powerful symbol of China's national tradition and historical continuity, a monumental defensive barrier supposedly built more than 2000 years ago to keep out Central Asian nomadic aggressors. However, as Waldron demonstrates in this learned and lively work of scholarly iconoclasm, the notion of a Great Wall is a historical myth developed over the past few centuries. Carefully examining the history of wall building in China, particularly during the Ming dynasty (1369-1644), he suggests that domestic political conflict, not cultural or ecological factors, determined why and when defensive walls were built. In examining the economic and political-military interactions between the nomads of the steppe and Chinese court officials, Waldron probes deeply into basic questions of China's national identity. A superb scholarly work that belongs in all academic and larger public collections. History Book Club selection.
- Steven I. Levine, Duke Univ . , Durham, N.C.
Copyright 1990 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review
"In this absorbing, tour de force account of the cult of the Wall, Waldron propels the reader along a fascinating journey of the frontier of China and into the factionalized inner circles of dynastic politics to capture the tension between the syncretic and conservative approaches to foreign policy....an exquisitely crafted chronicle of China's ironic approach of using 'walls' as a way of embracing the larger world." Asian Thought and Society

"Waldron makes a valuable contribution to our historical understanding of China." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies

"China's modern rulers have nurtured the popular myth that the Great Wall of China is a single, continuous barrier built in the third century B.C. and surviving to the present. Actually, as Princeton historian Waldron demonstrates in a landmark study, most of what we today call the Great Wall was built during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)...one of the few books that change our basic assumptions about China." Publishers Weekly

"This book has a wisdom, a patience, and a confidence about it that enrich Waldron's wonderful knack for writing history." History Book Club

"Historical writing at its best, a brilliant and very readable account." The Asia Society

"This should be the standard work for some time to come, and may be assigned to graduate students and senior history majors as a model of historical scholarship. Having also pubished interpretive essays on 'warlORD taking fresh looks at concepts Chinese history specialists have taken for granted." Roger B. Jeans, The China Quarterly

"In this absorbing, tour de force account of the cult of the Wall, Waldron propels the reader along a fascinating journey of the frontier of China anad into the factionalized inner circles of dynastic politics to capture the tension between the syncretic and conservative approaches to foreign policy....an exquisitely crafted chronicle of China's ironic approach of using 'walls' as a way of embracing the larger world." Asian Thought and Society

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18 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
Myths busted, thoughts provoked
By Mike Daplyn
It's a shame in some ways that Arthur Waldron published this book in 1990, just as the world order was starting to change in ways that would have added even greater force to some of his arguments. For this is a remarkable book, with a breadth that goes far beyond its notional, even if gigantic, physical subject.

At a purely descriptive-historical level, Waldron debunks most if not all of the myths about the Wall. So far from being an eternal barrier between China and barbarism, created by Chin Shih Huang Ti and sustained by every subsequent dynasty, the early Wall (if it existed at all) was an outgrowth of an already ancient Chinese tradition of building defensive walls, mostly against each other. The really successful dynasties, like the early and middle Tang, built no walls at all; their preferred approach to dealing with troublesome nomads was a combination of bribes, flattery (both offered from a position of strength) and massacres conducted by flying columns of light cavalry. Even in the earlier years of the Ming dynasty, China could still produce a steppe general like Wang Yueh, who for speed, wiliness and ruthlessness matches any Indian fighter of the American West. The Wall as we know it was mainly a 16th century AD creation of the later Ming, who were bankrupt militarily and paralysed by internal factionalism in which proponents of a unipolar cultural-supremacist stance always had the moral upper hand. Unable to fight in the field, and ideologically debarred from using the Tang arts of suasion, the Ming had no choice but to build, at vast cost, works that the nomads could always get round in the end. It is astonishing that the Ming survived the resurgence of Mongol power that prompted the construction of the Great Wall we know; the chronic disunity of the Mongols with the enfeeblement of the line of Chingis had far more to do with it than fortifications manned by peasant militias. In the end it was a new set of nomads, the Manchu, who finally solved the `barbarian problem' by out-Mongoling the Mongols from the Pacific to Xinjiang and then incorporating China in their empire. Geographically, modern China, with its vast territories `beyond the Wall', is their legacy.

Where Waldron goes far beyond a historical recitation, and where he has most to say that is relevant to our own times, is in his analysis of the Ming preconceptions and internal politics that led to the building of the Wall. China was for millennia the superpower of East Asia and Chinese thinking about the world order was always basically unipolar (a luxury the USA has only enjoyed since 1990), dictated by their geographic location at one end of Eurasia, remote from any comparable agrarian power. The unipolar stance, however, permitted at least in principle a diversity of views about the means appropriate and permissible for ensuring China's safety and dominance. The great divide in the 15th-16th century Ming courts was between the pragmatists, who favoured a policy on the Tang model - bribes and flattery backed by force - and the Sino-supremacists who saw any engagement with non-Chinese as cultural (which could easily be represented as political) treason. Waldron draws comparisons with the paralysis of French policy between WW1 and WW2 that led to the construction of France's Great Wall - the Maginot Line. Had he written ten years later, he might have found valid parallels in post-Soviet US policy. There is a creepy similarity between the neo-con think-tanks of Washington and the private literati schools of Nanjing, each arrogating to themselves a monopoly of ideological purity and true patriotism, and rigidly opposed to policies of engagement. It doesn't do to push this (or any) historic parallel too far - the US has not (so far) succumbed to the military bankruptcy that stymied an engagement policy by the late Ming or Third Republic France (the velvet glove must always have an iron fist inside), but even that could follow if US public opinion swings severely against use of American troops abroad. Then what? The Great ABM Shield of America (incredibly expensive, round which the barbarians always found a way in the end ...)?

This is not an especially easy book to read, particularly in the sections where Waldron dives into the cauldron of late Ming palace politics; it requires some concentration to remember who's who, and on behalf of which standpoint (pragmatist or supremacist) they were (often literally) backstabbing their opponents. However, it's well worth the effort for the light it throws on a major phenomenon in human cultural history, whether or not you buy into any modern resonances.

7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Not quite so mysterious
By usabear
Arthur Waldron's "The Great Wall of China: from History to Myth" is a well-researched and scholarly attempt to clarify the existence and meaning of the construction dubbed "the Great Wall", mainly by Westerners. Waldron actually offers little on pre-Ming wall-building in China, rather choosing to focus on the various court intrigues and challenges to Ming preeminence in mainland east Asia that led to wall-building by the Ming. Waldron then goes forward to assess various modern views of the wall and its utility in defining the Chinese Nation.

Contrary to what many reviewers assert, the Chinese have not held that the so-called "Great Wall" existed in totality since the Qin Dynasty. Waldron does indicate this point at various places in his book, but the overall impression that one might get is still somewhat muddled. Waldron dismisses early accounts of the extent of the wall by Western visitors, but doesn't really offer evidence to support the dismissal - rather relying on a heavy dose of scepticism to support his own views. Despite his scepticism, recent archeological research has provided us with extensive data on the various walls, and while one must certainly dismiss reports (by Westerners) that anything like single wall effectively encircled northern China, the various walls were, and are, far more extensive than many would have us believe.

As to the effectiveness of the various walls, it appears that where they were used in conjunction with a reasoned policy of interaction with peoples on both sides of the structure, they were quite effective in delineating the geographic space claimed by the various builders. Unfortunately, the policies associated with wall-building were all to frequently unreasoned. Court intrigues related to power struggles often undermined policies which might have led to good relations with peoples outside the wall. These problems frequently were a product of Literati efforts to define the culture and exclude peoples from this culture. Combined with concerns about how power might accrue to those associated with successful border policy, these efforts led to ongoing impasses about whether or not to trade or interact with foreigners, whether to implement antagonistic actions against them, or whether to build fortifications or walls in attempts to control access. Waldron goes on at great length about these debates and intrigues and the resulting ineffective policies.

When dicussing modern views of the "Great Wall", the genesis and purpose of utilizing the term should be carefully assessed. Waldron does cover these aspects, but emphasizes those that express his own positions. Clearly, the original utilization of the term had a Western genesis, but there is no question that the term has been used to effect by modern Chinese leaders. Waldron's final assessment is carefully couched so that he does not go too far out on a limb as to the future of the Chinese nation, but he unquestionably was harboring doubts. One wonders about his views in the 20 years since the book was written.

In sum, the book is most useful in gaining insight into Ming court activities associated with foreign relations and wall-building, and as such is a recommended and useful addition to the historiography of China.

7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
GREAT HISTORICAL GUIDE
By W. A. Lowry
Researched in excruciating detail, with almost 600 footnotes, this book describes how and why the Great Wall was built. Not always the reasons you would think. The Wall is apparently still a mystery as to its extent and location. Text is readable, graphics are barely adequate for the purpose. but this is the most scholarly book I have seen on the subject. Not a coffee table book.

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• Published on: 1992-06-26
• Original language: English
• Dimensions: 9.25" h x .35" w x 6.14" l, .54 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 144 pages

Review
'Whether the reader is familiar with the various aspects of biodeterioration or is merely curious about this applied science, the information presented is quite fascinating.' Society for General Microbiology

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Health Care for Us All challenges the common belief that health care problems in the United States are difficult and possibly insoluble. Americans want to get more for their health care spending, including insurance coverage for all that is personal, portable, and permanent. They want a system that respects incentives for quality care, exhibits a responsible approach to the budget, and is sustainable. Health Care for Us All adopts these five objectives and applies an efficiency filter to identify the virtually unique framework that meets all objectives. Impediments to achieving Americans' goals can be summarized under the rubrics of too little insurance, too little income, and too little properly functioning market. The efficient remedy for each is the subject of the book. Related philosophical as well as economic issues, such as why there should be government involvement in health care, are analyzed.

• Sales Rank: #6528994 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
• Published on: 2009-06-08
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x .83" w x 5.98" l, 1.15 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 304 pages

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• Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"Two Baylor economists apply economic principles, rather than political considerations, to health care reform and conclude that we can achieve universal coverage, lower costs, and satisfied consumers and patients. Their important contribution to the debate is showing that the key to reforming our health care system isn't expanding government control, which has largely caused most of the current problems, but getting the economic incentives right." - Dr. Merrill Matthews, Institute for Policy Innovation

"Grinols and Henderson have produced a complete package for understanding and solving the complex issues in health care markets, with a bonus of a really well-written and easily readable economics primer. Even if your interest is not health care, you will enjoy their witty but relevant discussion of how markets work. If health care is your interest, they present a provocative plan to solve the problem of providing universal access while at the same time allowing market forces to give both providers and users the incentives necessary to control costs. This book should be on the must-read list for anyone seriously interested in health care reform." - Thomas R. Saving, Texas A & M University

"Professors Grinols and Henderson make an important contribution to the health policy debate at a time when the nation is highly focused on this issue. In particular, their sound analysis of the problems we face and their clear explanation of underlying economic principles can guide policy makers in assessing the potential impact of major changes they may propose to the one-sixth of the economy represented by our health sector." - Grace-Marie Turner, President, Galen Institute

"Health Care for Us All is first-rate analysis of our healthcare problems. Professors Earl Grinols and James Henderson, two scholars at Baylor University, demonstrate that there are solutions to the nation's problems that contain none of the undesirable side effects that would be seen in the enactment of currently proposed health care reforms for the United States or the failed socialized systems of some other industrialized nations. Applying basic economic principles, they present their 'Targeted Intervention Plan,' which is readily comprehensible, makes sense to the ordinary person, but most of all provides a compassionate delivery of health care services." - Walter E. Williams, George Mason University

"This book is a must read for all in the health care policy area. It is also a useful read for economics students who wish to see economic principles in action.... Highly recommended." - Choice

About the Author
Earl L. Grinols has served as Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University since 2004. He previously taught at MIT, Cornell University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Illinois. Professor Grinols worked as a research economist for the Department of the Treasury and as Senior Economist for the Council of Economic Advisers. He has extensively published in the fields of finance, public finance, international economics, and macroeconomics. He is the author of three previous books, including Gambling in America: Costs and Benefits (2004), also published by Cambridge University Press. He has testified before Congress and in numerous statehouses, and his work has been cited by leading newspapers and news outlets such as the Economist, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, Boston Globe, the Financial Times, Chicago Tribune, Philadelphia Inquirer, Time, US News and World Report, Washington Post, New York Times, and many others.

James W. Henderson, who is Ben H. Williams Professor in Economics at Baylor University, received his Ph.D. from Southern Methodist University. He has taught at Baylor in Waco, Texas, since 1981. Professor Henderson's health care research on diverse issues such as alternatives to pharmaceutical patents, cost effectiveness of cancer screening, availability of hospital services in rural areas, hospital location decisions, and the cost effectiveness of prenatal care has appeared in various journals, including Pharmacoeconomics, Health Care Financing Review, the Journal of Rural Studies, Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, and the Journal of Regional Science. His current research includes examining the cost of state-level health insurance mandates. Professor Henderson's textbook, Health Economics and Policy, is now in its fourth edition.

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent Resource
By Amazon Customer
This book is an excellent book based on economic theory to explain how best to meet the healthcare needs of people in the United States. The book is fairly dense in order to provide the proper support for various economic analyses.

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• Sales Rank: #3481279 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Mac Keith Press
• Published on: 1991-01-16
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.80" h x .53" w x 7.00" l, .76 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 108 pages

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The Impact of Napoleon: Prussian High Politics, Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Executive, 1797-1806, by Brendan Simms

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This book examines Prussia's response to Napoleon and Napoleonic expansionism in the years before the crushing defeats of Auerstadt and Jena, a period of German history as untypical as it was dramatic. Events are analyzed at the level of high politics, foreign policy and the reform of the executive. The book also addresses matters of general theoretical concern such as high politics, geopolitics and the "primacy of foreign policy". In doing so it goes beyond anything that has been attempted before, and presents a comprehensive and nuanced picture of Prussia before 1806.

• Sales Rank: #14523679 in Books
• Published on: 1997-02-13
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x 1.06" w x 5.98" l, 1.69 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 408 pages

Review
"...this study's first-rate account of the mechanisms of politics and foreign affairs in old regime Prussia makes Simm's work a welcome contribution to the historical to the historical literature." Steinhoff, H-Net Reviews

"Simms has certainly provided much food for thought and his challenge to the current interpretation is likely to provoke a lively response." Peter H. Wilson, International History Review

"This book has many strengths, among them thorough research in printed and archival sources; excellent discussions of the relevant historiography and significant contributions to its debtates; a clear, sound exposition and justification of the topic and the problems involved; a smooth, readable style; an orderly...organization; and an important, controversial interpretation forcefully presented." Paul W. Schroeder, Central European History

From the Back Cover
This book examines Prussia's response to Napoleon and Napoleonic expansionism in the years before the crushing defeats of Auerstadt and Jena, a period of German history as untypical as it was dramatic. Between the years 1797 and 1806 Prussia shocked Europe not by her assertiveness but by her acquiescence, not by her contempt for international norms but by trust in such norms long after they had been abandoned by her neighbours. Throughout this period the main fear of Prussian statesmen was French power, rather than revolution from below. This threat spawned a foreign-policy debate characterised by geopolitical thinking: the belief that Prussian policy was conditioned by her unique geographic situation at the heart of Europe. Similar thinking underlay a parallel debate on the organisation of the executive: Prussian politicians felt that a swifter and more balanced process of decision-making was needed.

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3 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
A Return to the primacy of foreign policy
By A. Stavropoulos
Brendan Simms' "The Impact of Napoleon" is one of the best historical texts I have ever read. The author presents a cogent and persuasive argument that Prussian foreign policy from 1797-1806 was not influenced in any major way by domestic politics, correcting a mistake that German historians have been making since they began writing on the subject. He shows that there was no "Pro-French" lobby in the court, and that the ministers changed policies to suit the wishes of the king. Simms shows how foreign policy was firmly in the hands of the King, Frederick William III, and the ultimate decision rested with him. Simms shows how the Prussian system of government (put in place by Frederick the Great) led to disaster in the hands of a weak and timid king, when confronted by Napoleon.
The book is broken up into a section on the Prussian system, and to a section on how the system and the individuals in it reacted to events. There is an epilogue explaining how the horrible defeat at Jena led to a reevaluation of the system and its reform in favor of a more professional and independent governmental system and foreign ministry. For anyone who is interested in Napoleonic diplomatic history or in German history this is a must-have book.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
very detailed analysys
By Stefan 1a1
it's a really detailed analysys of the historical situation of Prussia and of the logical thinking of the men that ruled the country at the time. It helps to understand the political and military logic that caused Prussia to unite the country that became Germany and the reasons of the birth of Prussian militarism and of German concerne about her geopolitical situation. It's from this time that we can trace the seed of 1914 World War.

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!! Download Practical Ethics, by Peter Singer

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Peter Singer's remarkably clear and comprehensive Practical Ethics has become a classic introduction to applied ethics since its publication in 1979 and has been translated into many languages. For this second edition the author has revised all the existing chapters, added two new ones, and updated the bibliography. He has also added an appendix describing some of the deep misunderstanding of and consequent violent reaction to the book in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland where the book has tested the limits of freedom of speech. The focus of the book is the application of ethics to difficult and controversial social questions.

• Sales Rank: #550906 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
• Published on: 1999-01-30
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x 1.02" w x 5.98" l, 1.10 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 411 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"Singer's book is packed with admirably marshaled and detailed information, social, medical, and economic, and has a splendid appendix of notes and references to further reading. The utility of this utilitarian's book to students of its subject can hardly be exaggerated." New York Review of Books

"This book is concentrated fare. The masterly and lively writing, rich with brief and telling examples, is devoted to close reasoning on some basic issues confronting the human community." The Humanist

"...a terrific volume...offer[s] insights into ethics...extremely readable and thought-provoking." - Life Insurance Selling, Richard Hoe

Most helpful customer reviews

54 of 62 people found the following review helpful.
Transcending tradition: the ultimate challenge
By Kai Chan (kaichan@eno.princeton.edu)
Singer's "Practical Ethics" is a masterpiece of ethical reasoning. While many other philosophers clothe their arguments in the jargon of their discipline, Singer's arguments are methodical, rigorous, and easily comprehensible. The result is a book that is an enjoyable read for a lay person; a book that leads us down a path that few of us have travelled so carefully. This rigorous philosophy leads us--through Singer--to challenge the conclusions of countless famous ethicists throughout history. Furthermore, it challenges us to question our innate responses, those emotions ingrained in us by biology or society. If there is any lesson to be learned from "Practical Ethics" it's that it takes *courage* to reason ethically, and to recognise the moral transgressions that we have all committed in ignorance. . . . Although I don't agree with every conclusion of Singer's, his impeccable composition and clear logical process allow me to pinpoint the cause of our few differences. Despite any disagreement, this book is well worth reading for the ethical journey through which it guides you.

56 of 66 people found the following review helpful.
A Very Good Collection of Essays
By John Noodles
Peter Singer's views are very controversial--his recent appointment at Princeton was vigorously protested by various groups--but they certainly make for an interesting read.
He espouses utilitarianism, a branch of ethics that measures "rightness" or "wrongness" on an action's effect on the majority of people (and animals). As a result, there is very little voice given in defense of certain rights that many of us--especially us Americans--consider to be fundamental (except, of course, to refute them). The individual is of little importance in his scheme of ethics, and his brand of utilitarianism, based on a rigorous logic, leads to some pretty scary destinations. For instance, in his argument in favor of animal rights, Singer argues that a) speciesism is no different from racism, that our perception of a difference is no less illogical and unethical than our one-time perception of an ethical difference between, say, men and women, or blacks and whites; b) that intelligence is no basis for dermining ethical stature, that, for instance, the lives of humans are not worth more than the lives of animals simply because they are more intelligence (if intelligence were a standard of judgment, he points out, we could perform medical experiments on the mentally retarded with moral impunity); c) that we need to measure the *interests* of the parties involved, and that, ultimately, all things being equal, an animal has as much interest in living as a human. Therefore, all things being equal, medical experimentation on animals is immoral. If, however, sacrificing the lives of, say 20 animals will save millions of human lives, then all things are not equal, and the interests of millions of people outweighs the interests of 20 animals. The horrifying extention of this principle, though, is that the interests of 20 people outweighs the interests of one, and that this philosophy will give the green light to all sorts of very profound civil rights abuses.
The arguments aren't impenetrable, but singer is very careful in setting them up, and very good at getting the reader to agree with him before the reader really knows what he is agreeing with. His arguments are strong, logical, and convincing (which isn't to say I agree with all of them).
He makes an interesting, very strong case for the ethical necessity of vegetarianism (simply: it is wrong to kill as a matter of tase; we don't need to eat meat, and therefore kill to do so only as a matter of taste; therefore it is wrong to eat meat). He also argues in favor of abortion & infancticide.
This is an excellent book for lay people interested in secular ethical reasoning.

39 of 45 people found the following review helpful.
Logical, readable, but incorrect
By Al Gebraic
Various other well-reviewed reviewers have covered this book's general qualities. I will try to clip some dangling threads. Singer's book is eminently readable, and well-reasoned. I highly recommend it for those who wonder, "What is ethics?" and "Why be ethical?" and for those who reject religious dogmatism in favor of defensible positions on some of the most contentious issues out there: abortion, infanticide, euthanasia, omnivorism, the refugee problem, protection of the environment, and so on. Singer hasn't dodged anything.
The flaws in his argument seem to reside in his basic framework: an absolute hierarchy of interests (preferences, desires). Singer bases this book on the notion that equal desires should be considered equally...thus skirting the notion that desires have weight, and the lesser desires of, say, a thousand people can outweigh the greater desire of one person. Singer does not shy from controversy - see the last section of the book - so his absolutist myopia seems to be a genuine flaw, rather than an attempt to mollify the masses by permanently putting (for example) the right to remain alive above the right to live free of torture.
Practical Ethics attacks the issues directly and generally unflinchingly, and I highly recommend it. Singer's rationality is a breath of fresh air for those who are frustrated with the dogmatic, uninformed or otherwise predirected arguments rampant in philosopy. Still, he remains an absolutist, and arrives at conclusions that are generally useful but still dodge the development of an ethical calculus (arguably the holy grail of ethics) that can resolve the questions: "Is it right (ethical) to take the life of a tyrant who holds a thousand people captive and is torturing them within an inch of their lives? If so, is it right if the tyrant is only torturing ten people? How about three? How about two?"
To cross this threshold requires considerable intestinal fortitude...I hope that Singer has it, and produces a third edition demonstrating it.

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